Study on the Optimum Temperature for Seeding of Inner Mongolia Grass Seeds

In the process of seed germination, the environmental temperature directly related to it is soil temperature and air temperature, and it is closer to soil temperature. Due to the different temperature and soil temperature changes in different regions, the suitable grass species are not the same. The temperature required for the germination of common herbage seeds is between 10-30.

Therefore, the determination of seeding time for pasture seeds is more accurate based on soil temperature. The pasture test station of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University used a cumulative temperature instrument produced by Top Instruments to measure the temperature, surface temperature and soil temperature at different sowing depths during the sowing time. In Inner Mongolia, the surface temperature reached up to 34-36e, 1cm, and in April. The maximum soil temperature at 2cm can reach 32e, and the maximum temperature and soil temperature in April have already reached the requirements. However, the temperature in April is not stable, the average temperature of the soil and soil is about 10-15e, and the minimum soil temperature is still around 0e. The temperature in April will always last 4d or so for more than 5d. This temperature will cause the seeds to be sucked. Swelling damage; even at the end of April, sometimes this low temperature persists. It is very likely that the seeds will be chilled so that they will not germinate or die.

In Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, the phenomenon of high temperature cannot be ignored for the germination and seedling growth of pasture seeds. From May to July, the surface temperature and the suitable soil depth for sowing have a temperature of over 35e, and some even reach about 60e. Especially in June, the high temperature lasted for a long period of time (approximately 11 days for a high temperature of approximately 60e), and the high temperature of more than 40e per day can last for about 7 hours. And high temperatures often coexist with drought. In this case, even if the water condition is very good, the seeds of pasture cannot germinate normally, and even the phenomenon of “burning seedlings” occurs, thus causing a large number of seedlings to die and causing huge economic losses.

Among the daily changes in temperature, the smallest changes are air temperature and soil temperature of 5 cm, and the surface temperature changes the most. The deeper the soil depth, the smaller the soil temperature change, in the process of sudden temperature rise or dip, there is a buffer effect, so that the temperature in the steady increase or decrease. In general, the seed sowing depth is related to the size of the seed particles. The suitable sowing depth of pasture seeds is 1-2cm, and the deepest is not more than 5cm. Some pasture seeds can even be sprinkled on the surface. During the germination process, the rapid changes in temperature will cause damage to the seeds. Therefore, the seeding of pasture seeds should pay attention to the daily changes in temperature and reasonably select the sowing time.

It is suggested that the seeding time of pasture seeds in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, be selected after mid-May. Seeds sown in April are at risk of cold damage, and sowing at the end of May and even June is threatened by high-temperature heat damage. The latest sowing time does not exceed July. After July, the temperature gradually decreased, and the remaining accumulated temperature could not meet the normal growth of pasture and complete the fertility cycle. For perennial pasture, sowing late may affect safe wintering.

In the problems often encountered in seeding and seedling emergence, drought, low-temperature chilling injury and high-temperature heat damage are all present. It can be known from the accumulated temperature tester's measurement of temperature over the years and the meteorological data of various regions that the heat damage at high temperature may be more serious than the cold damage at the proper sowing time. Drought problems can also be solved through appropriate irrigation facilities; high-temperature heat damage can only be solved by avoiding high-temperature periods or by pretreating the seeds to improve their high-temperature resistance.

At the same time, due to the effect of the greenhouse effect, according to the study, the temperature in our country will increase by 0.3 to 0.5e every 10 years, and even more. After 2010, the greenhouse effect may gradually occupy a dominant position. By 2030, the global average temperature may be The average temperature of 1961-1990 increased by 0.6e or more. In this way, the germination of pasture seeds will be tested by high temperature stress. In order to successfully build artificial pasture, some pre-seeding treatments can be used to pre-seed the forage seeds and thus improve their stress resistance. The determination of the test provides a theoretical basis for testing the effects of different pre-treatment measures for various forage seeds.

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