Surge and prevention of process air compressor

Process air compressors are important equipment for ammonia plants. The process air compressor of our factory is divided into low pressure cylinder 2MCL805 and high pressure cylinder 3MCL457, which is driven by MS3002 gas turbine. Because there are many factors affecting the normal operation of the process air compressor, it is an effective means to maintain the safe operation of the process air compressor by comprehensively analyzing the factors that cause the compressor to surge and taking preventive measures in time.
1 The role of process air compressor in the system There are two main tasks of the process air compressor in the process system: one is to provide process air to the second stage reformer, and the nitrogen in the air is used as a group of ammonia to syngas. The oxygen is used to burn the feed gas to increase the temperature of the second stage furnace, and the second is to provide instrument air as a power source for the whole plant pneumatic instrument. After the transformation, the process air compressor has two uses, one is to provide compressed air to the air separation unit to save energy; the other is to provide dust removal air to the finished workshop.
2 Factors causing surge in process air compressors and prevention The basic reasons for surge generation are mainly due to the fact that the volume flow through the compressor is less than the surge flow at the corresponding speed or the actual operation required in conjunction with the pipe network. The boost ratio exceeds the surge boost ratio of the compressor at this speed. However, the factors that actually cause these conditions are diverse, as detailed below.
2.1 Surge caused by opening and stopping The anti-surge system of the process air compressor of our factory is designed as follows: one line is led from the second section outlet to a section of inlet, controlled by anti-surge valve HV02002, used for anti-surge of low pressure cylinder One line is emptied from the five-segment exit and controlled by FV02001 for anti-surge of high-pressure cylinders. For the low-pressure cylinder, if the anti-surge valve is not in the open position when the unit is driving, during the speed-up process, the intermediate stage will form a higher pressure and surge will occur. This is because the flow area of ​​the intermediate stage of the compressor is designed for maximum efficiency at normal speed and cannot be met at startup. Therefore, before the air compressor is started, the low pressure cylinder and the high pressure cylinder anti-surge valve must be opened, and the low pressure cylinder anti-surge valve is allowed to be closed after the gas turbine is accelerated to a certain speed. As for the high-pressure cylinder vent valve, it should be determined according to the need of the process for the amount of air and whether air is added after the anti-surge valve of the low-pressure cylinder is closed. Conversely, before stopping the vehicle, the load should be reduced first, and the anti-surge valve should be opened in the order of high first and then low to prevent surge.
2.2 The gas turbine enters the surge caused by temperature control. The process air compressor of our factory is driven by gas turbine. Since the gas turbine itself has a set of control system, it will also produce some special cases. When the summer temperature is high or the load is high, the gas turbine enters the temperature control state, and the control system will automatically reduce the low-speed shaft speed. If the process system load cannot be reduced in time, the surge will occur when the process air compressor outlet pressure is lower than the pressure required for the combined operation.
2.3 The reason why the inlet filter is blocked is: (1) Due to rain or fog, the air humidity is high, and the paper fiber of the air filter swells after being absorbed by water, and the gas permeability is poor.
(2) The filter has been used for a long time and is blocked by dust.
After the filter is clogged, the process air compressor inlet flow is reduced, which can cause surge. In rainy and foggy weather, when the filter differential pressure rises faster, measures should be taken, such as taking a few filters off the primary filter.
2.4 Increase in intake air temperature As the intake air temperature increases, the compressor performance curve shifts to the right. When the temperature rises to a boost ratio that is less than the surge ratio, surge will occur. If there is still potential for the compressor speed at this time, the speed should be increased to maintain production. If the compressor has reached the maximum speed, reduce the system load.
2.5 The outlet vent valve FV02001 is suddenly closed. When the system load is low, the outlet vent valve FV02001 has a large opening. If the FV02001 is suddenly shut down, the unit will surge, and the second stage of the furnace will have excessive air and it will be easy to overheat. At this point, the following measures can be taken: (1) lowering the inlet and outlet temperatures of a section of the conversion tube to increase the methane conversion load of the second stage furnace.
(2) Open the steam valve in front of the air preheating coil to reduce the air temperature into the second stage furnace and reduce the outlet temperature of the second stage furnace.
(3) Open the air venting valve in front of the second stage furnace, or open the dust removal air valve and the air venting valve of the air separation in the finished product workshop.
Through the above measures, if the outlet temperature of the second stage furnace can be controlled, there is no need to stop. Otherwise, the process air compressor can only be stopped urgently.
2.6 Process air valve FV03007 suddenly closes the process air valve FV03007 suddenly shuts down. If the vent valve FV02001 cannot be opened in time, the unit will surge. In this case, the vent valve FV02001 should be opened immediately. If the valve 涩 cannot be opened, it should be stopped urgently.
2.7 Other causes of surge can also cause surge for the following reasons: 1 When the process system is loaded, the process air compressor is not speeded up in time; 2 the impeller passage or gas passage is blocked; 8 the compressor outlet check valve is stuck when driving ; 4 compressor speed reduction, boost too fast.

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