[ Instrument Network Instrument R & D ] The research team of Wang Zhongyang, a researcher at the Macro Quantum Center of the Shanghai Institutes of Advanced Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Han Shensheng, a researcher at Quantum Optics Laboratory of Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have proposed the use of ghost imaging to accelerate super-resolution fluorescence optics Imaging speed of the microscope.
Ghost imaging, also known as two-photon imaging or correlated imaging, is a new imaging technology that uses two-photon composite detection to recover the spatial information of the object under test. Traditional optical Observation is based on the measurement of the intensity distribution of the light field. Correlation optics is based on the correlation measurement of the intensity of the light field. The existing imaging technology mainly uses the first-order correlation information (intensity and phase) of the light field, and the classic "ghost" imaging The second-order correlation of the used light field is considered as a statistical correlation of intensity fluctuations.
The new method is expected to capture biological processes that occur in cells at sub-millisecond speeds. Related research results were published in the journal OPTICA (DOI: 10.1364 / OPTICA.6.001515) under the title of Single-frame wide-field nanoscopy based on ghost imaging via sparsity constraints, and were published by The Optical Society (OSA) As a high-impact research work, it will be promoted to the media at the same time as it is published.
Super-resolution optical microscopy technology achieves nanometer-level resolution by overcoming the diffraction limit of light. Although traditional super-resolution microscopes can locate individual molecules within a cell and build super-resolution images, they are difficult to use in living cells because reconstructing images requires hundreds or thousands of frames—a process that is too slow to capture the dynamics of rapid change Learning process. In order to solve this problem, the research team added a random phase modulator to the fluorescence microscope to realize the encoding of the fluorescent signal, combined with ghost imaging technology and random measurement compressed sensing method, greatly improved the efficiency of image information acquisition, and reduced the reconstruction The number of sample frames required to resolve the image. The results show that under high label density, only a single frame of fluorescence image sampling is needed to achieve super-resolution optical imaging at 80 nm resolution.
Optical microscope has been an important tool for biomedical research for a long time due to its non-contact and non-destructive advantages. However, since 1873, it has been thought that the resolution limit of an optical microscope is about 200 nm, which cannot be used to clearly observe biological structures within 200 nm in size. Super-resolution Optical Microscopy is the most significant breakthrough in the field of optical microscopy in this century, breaking the resolution limit of optical microscopy (in other words, exceeding the resolution limit of optical microscopy, so it is called super-resolution Optical Imaging) provides unprecedented tools for life science research.
In addition, the new method researched combined with the Random Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM), one of the three Nobel Prizes in 2014, reduced the number of STORM sampling frames by more than an order of magnitude. The results show that imaging a 60nm ring, this method can reconstruct the image using only 10 frames of images, while the traditional STORM method requires up to 4000 frames of images to achieve the same effect. This method also enables a 40-nm ruler to be resolved with 100 frames of image. And the super-resolution imaging microscope used does not require high illumination intensity, which helps reduce photobleaching and phototoxicity, and is beneficial to long-term dynamic biological processes and live-cell imaging studies. Therefore, this innovative technology is expected to be widely used in the fields of super-resolution microscopy imaging in biology and medicine.
Source: Shanghai Advanced Institute, Encyclopedia
Elbow in pipe system, elbow is the pipe that changes the direction of pipeline.
Use:A Pipe Fitting used in pipeline installation is used to connect two pipes with the same or different diameters to make the pipe turn at a certain angle and the nominal pressure is 1-1.6Mpa.
Application range: because of good comprehensive performance of the elbow, it is widely used in chemical, construction, water supply, drainage, oil, heavy industry, freezing, health, water heating, fire, electricity, space, shipbuilding and other basic projects.
Classification:
1, the material can be divided into cast iron, stainless steel, alloy steel, malleable iron, carbon steel, non-ferrous metals and plastics.
2, the production methods can be divided into push, press, forge, casting and so on.
3, according to its radius of curvature, it can be divided into long radius elbow and short radius elbow.
4, according to the pressure grade, there are about seventeen kinds, and the same as the American tube standards, such as Sch5s, Sch10s, Sch10, Sch20, Sch30, Sch40s, STD, Sch40, Sch60, Sch80s, XS; the most commonly used are the two kinds.
5, according to different shapes and uses can be divided into: groove elbow, card type elbow, double bearing elbow, flange elbow, different diameter elbow, bent head, bending head of internal and external teeth, stamping elbow, push bending head, socket elbow, butt elbow, inner wire elbow, etc.
Technical requirement:
It is required to control the radius of curvature. For example, if the radius is 1.5D, the radius of curvature must be within the required tolerance. Because most of these pipes are used for welding, in order to improve the welding quality, the end is all turned into a slope, a certain angle and a certain edge. This requirement is also strict, the edge is more thick, the angle is more and the deviation range is specified, and the geometric size is much more than the pipe. The surface quality and mechanical properties of elbow are basically the same as those of pipes. For welding convenience, the material of the steel connected to the pipe is the same.