Application of non-metallic minerals in agriculture, environmental protection and other fields

Non-metallic mineral rock refers to any kind of economic value other than metallic minerals, fossil fuels, minerals, minerals or other natural substances outputs. Non-metallic minerals and their processed products are the basic raw materials necessary for national economic development, national defense construction, people's life and social development.

Application of non-metallic minerals in agriculture

“The people are eating for the sky”, and the dominant position of agriculture and animal husbandry in the national economy is obvious. With the environmental pollution caused by long-term cultivation and industrialization of the land, the effective components of the soil are reduced, the structure is degraded and the knot is formed, which not only seriously restricts the development of agriculture, but also affects the quality of crops. At the same time, the plants that feed on plants The quality of poultry meat and egg milk is also gradually decreasing, and harmful elements are increased, which will affect human health. To solve these problems, non-metallic minerals have special properties and unique functions.

Manufacturing potash raw materials

A non-metal can be refined potash miners have: potassium minerals and rocks (e.g., polyhalite, carnallite, nepheline, leucite, potassium feldspar, mica, glauconite, alunite, yellow iron aromatic potassium , illite clay, nepheline syenite, based rich potassium trachyte, tuff, etc.), a nitrogen-containing minerals and rocks (saltpeter sodium, potassium saltpeter), phosphates and phosphate rock mineral, olivine and dunite, serpentine, actinolite, szaibelyite, pyrite, sulfide, zeolite, vermiculite, gypsum, magnesite, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, mineral fertilizers humic acid, peat, iron blue, amblygonite like.

Application in increasing fertilizer efficiency, drought resistance and improving soil

The minerals currently used for fertilizer additives are mainly zeolite, perlite , serpentinite , diatomaceous earth, attapulgite clay , bentonite and the like.

In terms of increasing drought resistance, bentonite, zeolite, tuff and diatom have the function of chemical fertilizer adsorber, which acts as a “temporary reservoir” for chemical decomposition products (such as amines in urea), allowing plants to slowly absorb. Avoid loss. Because these minerals have strong water absorption, they can alleviate the rapid evaporation of water in the soil (acting as a "water reservoir"), thus increasing the ability to resist drought.

In terms of soil improvement, some mineral cation exchange properties, selectivity, adsorption, acidity and alkalinity and other special physical and chemical properties can be used to change the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increase the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil. For example, zeolite, bentonite, pumice , vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, sepiolite use the aeration and swelling of minerals to improve soil structure; for example, kaolin , bentonite, limestone, marl , volcanic ash , serpentine are minerals. Adsorption, cohesiveness and cation exchange resistance to soil erosion; such as zeolite, limestone, gypsum, carbonaceous rock is the use of minerals with acid and alkali characteristics to improve soil pH.

Application in feed

There are two types of minerals added to animal feed: nutritive minerals and non-nutritive minerals. The former mainly plays the role of supplementing protein, calcium and vitamins, mainly carbonate minerals (such as low-magnesium limestone , marble, shells, etc.), phosphate minerals (such as calcium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphorus for animal bones, brain and blood). Necessary), containing magnesium minerals (such as calcined magnesite, animal magnesium deficiency can cause convulsions and rickets); the latter from filling, bonding, carrier, mainly clay minerals such as bentonite, sepiolite, zeolite, etc. And talc .

Application in pesticides

There are two types of non-metallic minerals for pesticides: 1 minerals that have a killing effect on pests and diseases (such as sulfur, realgar, orpiment, talc, magnesite, fluorite , cinnabar, gypsum, sepiolite, etc.). Contains some toxic elements (such as Hg, As, S, etc.); 2 can keep pesticides in the soil for a long time, as a carrier, blending agent and adsorbent of pesticides, so as to maximize the insecticidal effect (such as Talc, montmorillonite, attapulgite, palygorskite, sepiolite, perlite, etc.).

Non-metallic minerals in the field of environmental protection

At present, there are nearly 50 non-metallic minerals used in the field of environmental protection, including natural non-metallic mineral products, deep-processed products and their products. Some non-metallic mineral materials with unique physical and chemical properties have achieved remarkable results in the treatment of solid pollutants, water bodies and atmosphere.

Application in ecological building materials

The use of non-metallic minerals such as zeolite, diatomaceous earth, expanded perlite, vermiculite, pumice, sepiolite, etc., with the characteristics of light weight, small thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, sound absorption, etc., can produce safe and healthy ecological building materials; use talc, gypsum Non-metallic minerals such as calcite , kaolin, serpentine, and medical stone have adsorption and medicinal functions, and can produce health-care ecological building materials; wollastonite , feldspar, diopside , nepheline, syenite, basalt, etc. It can produce energy-saving ecological building materials.

Application in treating sewage

The use of the pore structure of the palygorskite and sepiolite to treat the organic wastewater; the use of vermiculite has a sheet structure, good polymer exchangeability and strong adsorption, can be used as a treatment medium for metal waste water; using montmorillonite, The attapulgite and zeolite have large specific surface area, high ion exchange property and excellent adsorption performance to treat domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater, and remove heavy metal ions (such as Ni2+, Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ ) in wastewater. , Cr 2+ , Al 2+ , etc.), organic pollutants and phosphate ions, etc., and have excellent desorption effect after adsorption, and can be used twice.

Application in purifying gases

Using bentonite, sepiolite, palygorskite, kaolin and other characteristics such as large specific surface area and strong adsorptivity as adsorption and filtration materials, treating harmful gases such as odor and toxic gas (such as NH 3 ); using surface-modified clay Minerals treat solid waste and prevent secondary pollution; use expanded graphite to treat atmospheric pollution and marine oil pollution. In addition, natural zeolite, sepiolite, montmorillonite, palygorskite, etc., also have good applications in anti-virus and anti-radiation in the defense industry, nuclear industry and aerospace industry.

Conclusion

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the concept of "five in one" of socialism with Chinese characteristics in economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and ecological civilization construction, and the development level in the field of agriculture and environmental protection is an important symbol of ecological civilization construction. . Therefore, it is of great significance to study the application of non-metallic minerals in agriculture and environmental protection. At the same time, it has also opened up working ideas for geological exploration units engaged in non-metallic prospecting.

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