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Nowadays, automakers are in a situation where they are "backed by their enemies." On the one hand, while constantly pursuing new automotive technologies (interconnected cars, advanced driving assistance, etc.), it is necessary to meet regulations in various regions (carbon emission regulations, fuel efficiency regulations); on the other hand, traditional car companies must also face Google, Innovative technology companies such as Cisco and Tesla.
The EE Times recently conducted interviews with some well-known chip manufacturers that provide technical support to car companies. The topics mainly focus on the seven technical challenges faced by car companies in 2014 and in the future.
1. The car will be "software"
For the most important carriers of in-vehicle information technology, center consoles and dashboards, automotive OEMs have spent a lot of time designing and manufacturing prototypes. Now, although car companies are still improving their car technologies, the process has become more electronic. Using special software, designers can modify the user interaction graphical interface and dashboard, entertainment information display configuration in a relatively short period of time.
Danny Shapiro, Director of Automation at Nvidia Automotive, said: "The software has not only changed the design mode but also changed the behavior of users in the car."
According to a recent global consumer survey conducted by Accenture Consulting in the United States, when consumers buy a car, the in-vehicle configuration of the car is twice the vehicle's performance. Many car companies will be equipped with in-vehicle systems that are compatible with iOS and Android systems in the next generation of new cars. The competition between the two systems on the vehicle platform will reach a new climax in 2014.
So are automakers watching technology companies "invade" cars, or are they joining this trend? Different car companies have different choices, and perhaps next year there will be many car companies that release software designer recruitment information. Others will also look for self-thinking best solutions for integrating smartphones into entertainment information systems in cars.
2. Selection of the underlying platform for the semi-automated driving system Nissan and Daimler announced this year that they will introduce autonomous vehicles in 2020. Similarly, Mercedes-Benz, Honda, and Volvo have related goals. Next year is also a crucial year for determining the underlying platform of semi-autonomous vehicles. The construction of the underlying platform will directly affect the design of fully automated vehicles in the later stages.
There are still people, and even most people still think that achieving automatic driving in 2020 is a fantasy. However, many car companies are already using actual actions to prove that this is not just a dream.
In order to reach their own "2020 goal," car companies must create real cars in 2017, because the next time will require a large number of road tests.
As the basis of automatic driving, the research and development of driver assistance systems is also the direction in which various car companies are currently working hard. Its main functions include lane departure warning, adaptive cruise, collision avoidance system and automatic parking. Vehicles equipped with advanced driver assistance systems can be called "semi-automatic" because the driver is still the main vehicle controller.
For those manufacturers who proposed the introduction of autonomous vehicles in 2020, the design of the semi-automated driving platform's underlying platform must be confirmed in the second half of 2014, otherwise the above objectives could not be achieved.
3. Automotive Software/Hardware Upgrades In general, because the automotive and the electronic systems in which they are installed are not at the same frequency, the update of onboard software/hardware has always been a very tangled issue. However, this problem may be solved.
Danny Shapiro, Director of Automation at NVIDIA, said that the design cycle of automation products is being shortened. Its Tegra2 or Tegra3 chips allow automakers to easily upgrade their in-car software and applications.
Tesla has adopted a wireless software update method in ModelS. Audi also uses similar technology to further expand the map view of Google Earth’s satellite imagery through software updates.
The hardware system inside the car is becoming modular. For car manufacturers, hardware upgrades have become easier. In the future, consumers may only need to replace an old engine ECU control system to increase vehicle horsepower. Although this will not be realized in the near future, in theory, replacing the car software in the future will be as simple as adding a memory module to the computer.
4. Information Security Car hackers do not appear only in movies. In theory, there is a loophole in the information sent to the driver by any on-board entertainment information system or dashboard.
A team of researchers from the University of California at San Diego and the University of Washington in 2011 demonstrated the interception of information codes and their use to control vehicles. They also wrote a paper entitled "Comprehensive Experimental Analysis of Automotive Information Intrusion." In the paper, the researchers demonstrated how to remotely control the vehicle's braking system. It said that if the bridge mode of the ECU can be destroyed, the braking system can be controlled by wireless signals.
This year, this topic has been revisited. Two car safety experts Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek demonstrated how to invade an onboard ECU network. As the relationship between automobiles and the outside world becomes more closely, the issue of vehicle information security must also be more focused.
5, V2V technology practical advanced driver assistance system is undoubtedly one of the hottest automotive topics in 2013. Although the mounting rate of driver assistance systems is getting higher and higher, the penetration rate of V2V/V2I systems that are compatible with them is insufficient.
The main reason is that with related laws and regulations, the professionals have pointed out that it takes 15-20 years for such regulations to be finalized. If the advanced driver assistance system is regarded as a "stand-alone" system, V2V is a networked system. Drue Freeman, vice president of global automotive market at NXP Semiconductors, said that only when these two types of systems work together will it be possible to significantly reduce accident rates and increase traffic efficiency. Indeed, there is a partial overlap between the driver assistance system and the V2X system. However, V2X technology can distinguish the relative position between cars, cars and base stations. Freeman also pointed out that V2X can make the driver know the road information in advance so that the “view†at the crossroads becomes wider.
In Europe, an intelligent transportation center called “ITSCorridor†has been established and is located between the Netherlands, Germany and Austria. Vehicles that use the 802.11p communication protocol can benefit from it and experience true V2V technology. For those vehicles not yet equipped with V2V systems, ITSCorridor has no effect on them. However, Freeman said that with the increase in the V2V system's loading rate in the future, more and more vehicles will be added to the connected team.
However, in the United States, there are still obstacles in the promotion of V2V technology. The NHTSA of the US Road Traffic Safety Administration has not yet made any measures on how to promote short-range communication (DSRC) technology.
6. Lightweight lightweighting of automobiles is also a type of technology that has been continuously explored by the automotive industry in recent years. Lightweight, high-efficiency designs are now emerging, such as Renault Twizy, Toyota FT-Bh, Universal Ultralight, Volkswagen XL-1, and Audi urbanconcept. In addition, today's electric cars have been criticized for their lack of cruising range. Thanks to the lightweight technology of the vehicle body and the battery, the mileage of the electric vehicle can be extended to become a truly energy-saving and environmentally friendly vehicle.
Edison2's VLC super-lightweight car has a fuel equivalent fuel efficiency of 104mpge. Its body drag coefficient is only 0.16, and at a power of 4 kW, it can maintain a high-speed cruising speed of 97 km/h. The car received a $5 million design award from the US XPRIZE competition.
7. Reduction in the number of drivers According to the data from the US Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, in the United States, the number of drivers in the 16-39 age group has dropped significantly in recent years. This is not a good thing for the automotive industry.
Automakers are making every effort to develop in-vehicle connectivity technologies, and to the extent that they are aimed at enhancing vehicle safety, they are also largely geared to cater to young motorists who love electronic technology.
Professionals point out that the future traffic trend will be “diversified transportationâ€. That is, people travel not only by private cars, but by more types of public transportation, such as bicycles. Car rental will also become a trend, and even in the future a certain commercial area or downtown area will use a ferry fleet equipped with intelligent connection systems to achieve a more convenient mode of transportation.