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China's lighting power accounts for 12 of the power consumption, which has great potential for saving. Today, a highly efficient green all-solid-state lighting device is expected to replace the traditional incandescent lamp that has been used for centuries for 50 years.
Since Edison invented incandescent lamps in 1879, the basic form has been used up to now, except that the filament material has been changed from the original bamboo fiber to the tungsten wire. Although fluorescent lamps are more efficient, they are still inseparable from electrodes and tubes. Nowadays, an all-solid-state light-emitting device, such as semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), has taken the lead in the field of special lighting. After further improving the electro-optical conversion efficiency and reducing the cost, it will become an effective technical way to save energy in the general lighting field. .
In recent years, the world's three major lighting industry giants General Electric, Philips, Osram have set up semiconductor lighting companies, Japan, the United States, the European Union, South Korea and other semiconductor lighting plans have also been launched. In June last year, China's Ministry of Science and Technology and other six departments jointly established the National Semiconductor Lighting Project Coordination Leading Group and launched the project. In March of this year, 14 academicians such as Chen Lianghui of the Chinese Academy of Engineering proposed to include solid-state lighting in the national medium- and long-term science and technology development plan. A battle to seize the commanding heights of the emerging industries of semiconductor lighting has already started around the world.
Where is the solid state lighting god? Lighting technology using all-solid-state lighting devices as light sources is not new. Semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have long been familiar with the display of instrumentation, backlighting of mobile phones and digital cameras, and full-color displays (such as square displays), and have been used in special lighting applications. For example, in addition to traffic lights, signal lights, sign lights, and car lights have been commercialized, with the improvement of people's living standards, indoor night lanterns, public green spaces and villa garden lawn lights, building landscape lights are also favored.
The magic of this kind of lamp is: low-voltage power supply, long service life, can selectively emit red, green, blue light, white light, and very energy-saving. Compared with the incandescent lamp that has been used for centuries, it consumes only one-tenth of the power at the same brightness, and its life is up to 100 times, which is 10 times that of fluorescent lamps. Calculated by 6 hours a day, a semiconductor lamp can be used for 50 years, and a person can't use two lights for a lifetime. Its photoelectric conversion efficiency has exceeded that of incandescent lamps, and it is not as good as fluorescent lamps. It is expected to reach 1.5 times of fluorescent lamps in 10 years.
As early as 40 years ago, researchers discovered in experiments that when a semiconductor crystal encapsulated in a transparent epoxy resin is energized, the current drives negative electrons into positively charged holes and releases energy, generating photons, emitting red light or Green light, but the light is very weak, can only be used on electronic clocks or calculators; until the appearance of aluminum gallium arsenide semiconductors, the bright red light is emitted. Nowadays, with the breakthrough of the third-generation semiconductor material GaN and the advent of blue and white light-emitting diodes, the formation of the semiconductor lighting industry has been greatly promoted, and it is developing in the direction of full color and high brightness. Experts predict that semiconductor technology will lead to a new industrial revolution lighting revolution after the microelectronics industry revolution, which is marked by the fact that semiconductor lamps will gradually replace incandescent and fluorescent lamps.
The solid-state lighting market is enticing. Academician Chen Lianghui calculated an account: In 2003, the national power generation was 1.91 trillion kWh (degrees), of which lighting used 12, or 229.2 billion kWh. According to the annual growth of 5, by 2010, the electricity used for lighting reached 322.5 billion kWh. According to the same brightness, the solid-state lighting electricity is only one-tenth of the incandescent lamp, and replaces one-third of the incandescent lamp, which can save about 100 billion kWh of lighting power. The total construction period of the Three Gorges Project is 17 years. It takes 20 years to complete the construction. The total static and dynamic investment is 300 billion yuan. After completion, the annual average power generation is 84.68 billion kWh. In 15 years, investing 5 billion to 10 billion yuan to develop the solid-state lighting industry is equivalent to recreating a green Three Gorges project with only the input of the Three Gorges Project.
In the National Research Project for Semiconductor Lighting set up by the US Department of Energy, there is a bright future for solid-state lighting: in 2010, 55 incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps were replaced, and in 2025, US lighting power (now 600 billion degrees) was cut in half. From 2000 to 2020, solid-state lighting can reduce 258 million tons of carbon pollutants and 133 million kilowatts of power plants, saving $115 billion, forming a $50 billion annual light source industry. Millions of high quality jobs. Japan plans to replace incandescent lamps with semiconductor lamps on a large scale in 2006. Power saving is equivalent to the power generation of one or two nuclear power plants, saving more than 10 kilograms of raw uranium consumption per year.
Although solid-state lighting has to enter the general lighting market, there will be major breakthroughs in technology and cost, which requires a lot of investment and long-term efforts. However, its expected market appeal is irresistible. It is no wonder that countries have started national projects to provide guidance and support.
Solid-state lighting is growing strongly. The Chinese Academy of Sciences carried out research on luminescent science as early as the 1960s. It went to production in the 1980s and did not form scale until the beginning of this century. In 2002, China's light-emitting diode (LED) production enterprises reached 420, with more than 30,000 employees, output of more than 15 billion, and output value of more than 8 billion yuan; last year's output reached 20 billion, with an output value of more than 10 billion yuan, a growth rate of more than 30 Among them, the output of ultra-high brightness LEDs is several billion, and the growth rate exceeds 50. In the early days of China, only the introduction of the core for packaging was labor-intensive. At the end of the last century, the processing of epitaxial wafers was introduced to develop high-tech products. Development and small batch production of epitaxial wafers. At present, solid-state lighting still needs strong support in China.
Last year, Dalian Mingmei Group's first Dalian Meichip Technology Co., Ltd., which produced high-quality LEDs, was put into production, making China the third country to have LED core technology and industrialization after the United States and Japan. One of the world's top four LED companies, the AXT company's optical division, has made China's semiconductor lighting industry into the forefront of the world. At present, the gap between China's semiconductor lighting technology and the international advanced level is only a few years. Based on the existing technology and industrial base, it is expected to form a solid-state lighting industry with core competitiveness through overall promotion.
There are two obstacles to the use of solid-state lighting from residential lighting. First, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low. Currently, it is 25 lumens (unit of luminous flux) / kilowatt. Although it is higher than incandescent lamp, it is lower than 85 lumens per kilowatt of fluorescent lamp. In order to meet the economic requirements of civil lighting, it needs to increase to 160 lumens to 200 lumens / kW; second, the price is higher, is more than a dozen to dozens of times of incandescent lamps, Japan, the United States, the European Union and other semiconductor lighting plans launched, the main attack One of the directions is to reduce the cost.
With the continuous improvement of solid-state lighting technology, the trend that incandescent lamps will eventually be replaced is inevitable. Energy saving, long life, maintenance free, easy to control, environmental protection, semiconductor lamps have so many advantages, what reason can we refuse to come?