Yuan Zhongdu: A Capital City of Yuan Dynasty Recovered by Archeology

Xinhuanet Shijiazhuang, April 13th. More than 700 years ago, in the Hebei Bashang grassland area more than 200 kilometers away from Beijing, the great-grandson Wuzong Haishan of the great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandfather of the Kuominshi capital built a gold capital here.

Today, the capital city, which has been recovered by archeology, is building a national archaeological site park, attracting more people to approach it, listen to it, and try to unveil its mysterious veil.

Genghis Khan and his successors rely on the powerful Mongol Tieqi to build a large empire spanning Eurasia. In the Yuan Dynasty, four capital cities were established: the Haci and Lin in the era of Genghis Khan (now near Ulaanbaatar), the Kuangshui Capital established in Kublai Khan (now in Zhenglan County, Inner Mongolia), Yuan Dadu (now Beijing), and Wu Zong’s establishment. The yuan is all.

Yuanzhong is located in Shantouying Township, which is 15 kilometers northwest of Zhangbei County in Hebei Province. It is considered to be the Yuan Dynasty ruins of the Yuan Dynasty that have been preserved so far, with a single age, and with the least damage in the later period.

The reporter recently came to Yuanzhongdu Site and entered the Yuanzhongdu National Archaeological Site Park that is being built. According to the staff of the Zhangbei County Bureau of Cultural Relics, the ruins of the Yuanzhong Dynasty are full of trees and weeds. The central hall is a mound of earth and there are few things to watch. Today, the reporter walks from the south to the north along the central axis road, passing through the Outer City, Imperial City, and Miyagi City in turn, to appreciate the vicissitudes and brilliance of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty.

Outside the city, the central axis roads have been paved with gravel roads through environmental remediation, equipped with exhibition boards, mobile toilets, and tourist service centers; in the Imperial City, floor stones, general stone, and gray bricks are located on the ground according to the underground original position and size. Copying; Miyagi, the ground floor of the small square has also been "moved" to the ground, is currently only some gray bricks piled; palace ruins, there are some white columns and blue floor tiles, there is a glass window, will be in the window The following shows six six-magic squares that have been unearthed here and used for evil purposes.

According to historical records, in 1307, the Sea of ​​Yuan Wuzong, which had just been in place for 10 days, announced the construction of the capital of China. In 1311, Wu Zong, who was actually in office for less than four years, passed away and was only 31 years old. Wu Zong’s younger brother, Renzong, took his place and ordered him to stop construction.

In 1358, the overburdened peasants burst into the sky and the Yuanzhongdu Palace was burnt down by the Red Turban Army, leaving only the remains of the city walls. For only 50 years, Yuan and China have disappeared from China's territory and become ruins. For later generations, there are no first-hand texts that can be queried, and there are no physical data available for later identification.

From the beginning of the 20th century, in the field of Chinese history, some people began to question "where are the elements of the Yuan."

Although there are remnants of the wall in the Yuanzhongdu site, no one has been able to tell the origin of the wall for many years. Because the wall has been polished and whited by the sand, it has been called "White City". Although historical records contain records of Yuanzhong, no one knows its exact location for a long time. During the Qing emperor's reign, the “Three Books in the North of the mouth” revised the “White City Child” into a livestock trading place.

Until the 1980s, Hebei archaeologists discovered that the relics unearthed in Baichengzi Village were dominated by the Yuan Dynasty, and some of the architectural fragments were white marble daggers. It was speculated that there had been royal buildings in the Yuan Dynasty. In 1997, archeologists conducted field surveys and demonstrations and determined that Baichengzi was the site of Yuanzhongdu.

Subsequently, the Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and other organizations organized an archaeological team to carry out exploration and excavation of the Yuanzhongdu site, unearthed a large number of palace building components, and initially discovered the ruins of the Jiaolou, the site of the Nanmen site, and the central hall ruins. The results of this excavation were listed. "1999 National Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries." In 2001, the Yuanzhongdu site was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

In order to protect and display the Yuanzhongdu site, the National Archaeological Heritage Park was created in Yuanzhong and approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, and was officially launched in 2013. Yuanzhongdu National Archaeological Park Project has a planned land area of ​​13,485 mu and a total investment of 360 million yuan.

Zhangbei County Cultural Relics Bureau staff said that to build an archeological park is definitely not a large-scale rehabilitation, just copy some of the sites under the ground to the ground, will not build a hall and other buildings. This project is a 17-year long-term project that won't happen overnight. It's a little bit.

"A capital in the city, half of the history of the Yuan Dynasty." The Yuan Dynasty lasted less than 100 years, the yuan witnessed half. Nowadays, a series of problems such as the establishment of the Central Government and the suspension of waste still require further archaeological research .

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