Hydrocyclone construction and working principle

The hydrocyclone is a device that uses centrifugal force to classify the slurry and is also a structural type of the hydraulic classification device . China's earliest manufactured by Yunnan Tin companies and hydrocyclones, to the early 1960s began the trial in iron ore processing plant, but because it wear quickly, life is short, easy to control the process parameters, and therefore did not promote the long-term. In the past ten years, with the improvement of the structure and manufacturing materials of the hydrocyclone and the use of automatic control devices, the advantages have been further highlighted and gradually popularized and applied. As early as more than 30 years ago, hydrocyclones were widely used in iron ore dressing plants abroad, which basically replaced the spiral classifier. However, China still uses spiral classifiers, which cannot but cause us to pay attention.
The construction of the hydrocyclone is shown in the figure, the upper part of which is a hollow cylinder, and the lower part is an inverted cone which communicates with the cylinder, which form the working cylinder of the hydrocyclone. The upper end of the cylindrical cylinder is tangentially provided with a feed pipe, and the top is provided with an overflow pipe and an overflow pipe. There is a grit chamber at the bottom of the conical cylinder. The Parts are connected by flanges and screws. The ore, cylinder and grit are usually lined with rubber, polyurethane or diabase cast stone to reduce wear and replace after wear. The grit chamber can also be made adjustable to adjust its size as needed. The small hydrocyclone can also be made entirely of polyurethane.
Figure
The slurry enters the cylindrical cylinder from the feeding pipe in a tangential direction with a pressure of 49~245kPa (0.5~2.5kgf/cm 2 ) and a high speed of 5~12m/s, and then rotates around the axis at a high speed, generating a large centrifugal force. Particles with different particle sizes and densities in the pulp have different centrifugal forces, so their movement speed, acceleration and direction in the cyclone are also different. The coarse and heavy particles are subjected to centrifugal force and are thrown to the wall. Rotate down to the bottom according to the spiral path, and discharge it as a grit from the grit chamber. The fine and light particles are subjected to a small centrifugal force and are brought to the center, and an inner spiral ore flow is formed in the center of the conical cylinder to be discharged as an overflow from the overflow pipe. The separation size of the hydrocyclone is generally in the range of 0.3-0.0 lmm.

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