Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized forces.
Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: [cold", [warm", or [hot" forging.
Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to 580 metric tons.
Forged parts usually require further processing to achieve a finished part.
We can produce parts that weigh up to 13 lbs in carbon, alloy, stainless, tool steel, copper, aluminum, nickel,
and other ferrous and non-ferrous materials. Secondary in-house processing options include cutting,
machining and other secondary processing.
Cold Forging,Hot Forging,Cold Brass Forging,Hot Steel Forging Hebei Mingda International Trading Co.,Ltd , https://www.amazingcastings.com
1- ore body pinch boundary; 2-upper plate boundary; 3-lower plate boundary; 4-lower disk fault fracture zone;
5-segment along the vein roadway; 6-intake shaft; 7-cut lane; 8-funnel; 9-electric ramp; 10--minening well;
11-rock drilling roadway; 12-mining electric sluice; 13-medium deep hole; 14-return well; 15-medium deep hole;
16-vertical cutting patio; 17-cutting lane; 18-oblique cutting patio; 19-medium deep hole; 20 top column; 21-column [next]
Hujiatun Copper Mine, low-segment section, high-segment mining, section mining, mining method
Zhongtiaoshan ferrous metals copper mining company Hujiayu South brook pit ore body 7 metamorphic deposition stratoid copper deposit, ore rock silicification marble, relatively stable, f = 8 ~ 10, angle 40 ° ~ 55 ° The average thickness of the ore body is 5~6m, and the copper grade is 0.79%. The continuity of the ore body is poor, sometimes there is an off-surface ore, and the boundary line between the ore is not obvious. The upper part of the ore body is thick layer of marble, which is relatively stable. The production practice shows that if there is no fault damage, the production period is 1 to 2 years, and the allowable exposed area on the upper plate can reach 1000-2000 m 2 . The lower plate is black schist, which is not stable, f=4~6. There is a large fault fracture zone near the ore body. It is muddy when it meets water. If it is arranged in the roadway, it is difficult to construct.
The stage height is 50m. In order to facilitate the ground pressure management and facilitate the ore mining, the stage is divided into 2~3 sections, and the section height is 17~25m. For the prospecting and easy mining and mining, the rock drilling points are further excavated between the sections. The section roadway forms a low-section section mine and a high-section mine. Due to the poor continuity of the ore body, the ore body is divided into sections by the striker or the fault zone, and the length of the section is generally 60-150 m. A complete pedestrian ventilation system is formed in the panel. The area along the plate is divided into a nugget every 50 to 60 m. A reasonable transport distance (25-30m) is used as a mining unit in the ore block. see picture 1.
Figure 1 Low-section section mine high section mining ore section mining method
In each of the ore blocks, a patio that runs through the upper and lower stages along the vein roadway is arranged, thereby tunneling the segmented roadway. The bottom structure of the trench is adopted, and the specification of the trench roadway is 2.5×2.5m. Single-sided funnel with a funnel spacing of 5.5 m. Bucket specifications: height × width × length = 2.5 × 2.5 × 2m.
Before mining, select the thick part of the ore body to open the cutting groove. The number of cutting grooves should take into account factors such as the condition of the ore body, the loss of depletion, the method of blasting and the amount of cutting work. In a mining unit, if the blasting is performed with a restricted space, two cutting grooves are generally arranged, and if one is successively blasted to the adjacent loose body, one is arranged. The shape of the cutting groove is mostly "T" shaped, as shown in Fig. 1, 16 and 17, and its main advantage is that the cutting quality can be ensured. The disadvantage is that part of the cutting roadway is to be cut into the broken belt of the lower plate. It is difficult to dig and drill the deep hole in the middle hole, and it is necessary to cut a part of the waste rock in the lower plate. In the production, the method of cutting the inclined patio along the lower part of the ore body has been adopted, as shown in Fig. 1-18. Although it overcomes the shortcomings of the above method, since the 2 to 3 rows of slotted holes near the inclined inclined patio are bundled holes, it is difficult to segment during blasting, and it is difficult to ensure the quality of the project. Use the YG-90 rock drill to mine the vertical hole in the vertical sector. The minimum resistance line is 1.8 to 2.0 m, and the hole bottom distance is 0.9 to 1.1 m. Extrusion blasting can be divided into two methods: limited space extrusion blasting and successive blasting to adjacent loose bodies. Production practice shows that successive extrusion blasting is prone to “overcrowding†and the phenomenon of shed arching occurs. The charge mainly uses artificial combination guns, and also uses BQ-100 type chargeer to install powdered ammonium explosives. The double detonation network is mainly composed of milliseconds, differential detonators and detonating cords. The electric detonators are connected in parallel, the capacitive high-energy initiator is detonated, or the detonating tube is used as a non-electrical detonation system. Use a 28kw or 30kw electric pick-up winch and 0.3m 2 bucket to mine. In order to ensure that the mine can be mined in the open field, some pillars are often left in the mining process. One case is because the production connection time between the sections is too long, and the lower section of the upper section is used when the lower section is blasted and mined. It has collapsed, so it is necessary to keep the top column with an oblique length of 4 to 6 m. In another case, in the ore block, there is a large area of ​​stone, extra-surface or unsafe, and it is necessary to leave them. As a pillar, the size of such pillars varies, generally ф=4~8m. The above two parts of the pillars are not recycled, generally accounting for 10% of the geological reserves. This part of the ore loss is generally reasonable, ensuring the conditions of the empty field mining, reducing the depletion of the ore, and is conducive to the pressure management and production safety of the mining site.