Detailed unit conversion of concentration

Detailed explanation of unit conversion of concentration (I) Solution concentration Solution concentration can be divided into three categories: mass concentration (such as mass percentage concentration) and volume concentration (such as molar concentration, normal concentration) and volume concentration.

1. Concentration of mass percentage concentration solution The mass percentage concentration expressed as a percentage of the mass of the total solution is defined by the symbol %. For example, 25% glucose injection means that 25 grams of glucose is contained in 100 injections. Percent Mass Concentration (%) = Solute Mass / Solution Quality 100%

2. Volume concentration (1) The molar concentration of the solution is expressed as the molar concentration of the solute contained in 1 liter of solution, expressed in symbol mol, for example, 1 liter of concentrated sulfuric acid containing 18.4 mole of sulfuric acid. 18.4mol.

Molarity (mol) = moles of solute / volume of solution (l)

(2) Concentration of Normal Concentration (N) Solution The normal concentration expressed as the equivalent number of solute contained in 1 liter of solution is indicated by the symbol N.

For example, 1 liter of concentrated hydrochloric acid contains 12.0 gram equivalent of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the concentration is 12.0N.

Equivalent concentration = gram equivalent of solute / volume of solution (litre)

3. Mass-Volume Concentration The concentration expressed as the mass of solute contained in a unit volume (1 cubic meter or 1 liter) solution is called a mass-volume concentration and is expressed by the symbol g/m3 or mg/L. For example, if 1 liter of chromium-containing wastewater contains 2 mg of hexavalent chromium, then the concentration of hexavalent chromium is 2 mg/L (mg/L).

Mass-volume concentration = mass of solute (grams or milligrams) / volume of solution (cubic meters or liters)

4, the conversion formula of the concentration unit:

1) normal concentration = 1000.d. mass percent concentration / E

2) mass percentage concentration = normal concentration E/1000.d

3) Molar concentration = 1000.d mass percent concentration / M

4) Mass % Concentration = Mass - Volume Concentration (mg/L) / 104.d

5) Mass-volume concentration (mg/L) = 104 mass percent concentration 5, ppm is a percentage by weight, ppm = mg/kg = mg/L ie: 1 ppm = 1 ppm = 1000 ug/L

1ppb=1ug/L=0.001mg

Where: E-solute gram equivalent;

D—the specific gravity of the solution;

M-solute molar mass;

(b) Gas Concentrations Atmospheric contaminants, the usual volumetric concentration and mass-volume concentration, are expressed in the atmosphere.

1. Volumetric concentration The volumetric concentration is expressed as the volume (cubic centimeters) or (ml/m3) of the contaminant contained in the atmosphere per cubic meter. The commonly used method is ppm, that is, 1 ppm = 1 cubic centimeter per cubic meter. 10-6. In addition to ppm, there are ppb and ppt. The relationship between them is:

1ppm=10-6=one millionth, 1ppb=10-9=one billionth,

1ppt=10-12=one trillionth, 1ppm=103ppb=106ppt

2. Mass-Volume Concentration The concentration expressed by the mass of contaminants per cubic meter of air is mass-volume concentration and the unit is mg/m3 or g/m3.

Its conversion relationship with ppm is:

X=MC/22.4

C=22.4X/M

Where: X—concentration value of the pollutant in milligrams per standard cubic meter;

C—concentration in ppm of pollutants;

M—the fractional amount of pollutants.

From the above formula can get the following relationship:

1ppm=M/22.4 (mg/m3)=1000.m/22.4ug/m3

Example 1: Find the ppm concentration of hydrogen fluoride of 30 mg/Nm3 under standard conditions.

Solution: The molecular weight of hydrogen fluoride is 20, then:

C=30.22.4/20=33.6ppm

Harbin Yuda Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. produces concentration meters, handheld concentration meters, moisture analyzers, and infrared moisture meters.

Example 2: It is known that the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere is 5 ppm, and the concentration is expressed in mg/Nm3.

Solution: The molecular weight of sulfur dioxide is 64.

X=5.64/22.4 mg/m3=14.3 mg/m3

3, in the soil, animals and plants, solid waste ppm, ppb and mass content conversion:

1ppm=1mg/kg=1000ug/kg

1ppb=1ug/kg=10-3mg/kg

1mg/kg=1ppm=1000ug/kg

1ug/kg=1ppb=10-3ppm

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