Asbestos was added as an common ingredient to Brake Pads post-WWI, as car speeds began to increase, because research showed that its properties allowed it to absorb the heat (which can reach 500 °F) while still providing the friction necessary to stop a vehicle. However, as the serious health-related hazards of asbestos eventually started to become apparent, other materials had to be found. Asbestos brake pads have largely been replaced by non-asbestos organic (NAO) materials in first world countries. Today, brake pad materials are classified into one of four principal categories, as follows:
Non-metallic materials - these are made from a combination of various synthetic substances bonded into a composite, principally in the form of cellulose, aramid, PAN, and sintered glass. They are gentle on rotors, but produce a fair amount of dust, thus having a short service life.
Semi-metallic materials - synthetics mixed with varying proportions of flaked metals. These are harder than non-metallic pads, more fade-resistant and longer lasting, but at the cost of increased wear to the rotor/drum which then must be replaced sooner. They also require more actuating force than non-metallic pads in order to generate braking torque.
Fully metallic materials - these pads are used only in racing vehicles, and are composed of sintered steel without any synthetic additives. They are very long-lasting, but require more force to slow a vehicle while wearing off the rotors faster. They also tend to be very loud.
Ceramic materials - Composed of clay and porcelain bonded to copper flakes and filaments, these are a good compromise between the durability of the metal pads, grip and fade resistance of the synthetic variety. Their principal drawback, however, is that unlike the previous three types, despite the presence of the copper (which has a high thermal conductivity), ceramic pads generally do not dissipate heat well, which can eventually cause the pads or other components of the braking system to warp.However, because the ceramic materials causes the braking sound to be elevated beyond that of human hearing, they are exceptionally quiet.
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(Source: Shanhe Intelligence)
Shanhe Intelligent New Concept Loader SWEL won IEDA Gold Award
On October 20, the IEDA Awards Conference organized by the American Industrial Designers Association (IDSA) was held in San Francisco, USA. At the meeting, the concept loader SWEL55 was developed by Hunan Sanhe Intelligent Machinery Co., Ltd. American Industry Concept Design Gold Award. He Qinghua, chairman of Shanhe Intelligence, was invited to attend the award ceremony and took home the award. It is reported that at this conference, delegates from more than 80 countries around the world participated and hundreds of companies attended. The US Industrial Concept Design Award was well-known throughout the world design industry. It involved a wide range of topics covering daily necessities, conceptual design, and industrial Design and so on. A total of 20 Gold Awards were awarded this time. Shanhe Intelligent Company is the only Chinese company that won a gold medal.
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