1. Grinding the outer circle The outer circle of the workpiece is generally ground on an ordinary cylindrical grinder or a universal cylindrical grinder. Cylindrical grinding generally has three types of vertical, horizontal and deep grinding. Fig. 1 Grinding of the outer circle Table 1 Characteristics of longitudinal grinding (2) Cross-grinding method As shown in Fig. 1b, when the outer circle is ground by the transverse grinding method, the width of the grinding wheel is larger than the grinding width of the workpiece, and the workpiece does not need to perform the feed motion in the longitudinal direction (workpiece axial direction). The grinding wheel is slow. The speed is continuously or intermittently moved in a transverse direction to achieve a radial feed fr to the workpiece until the grinding reaches the size requirements. Its characteristics are: full use of the cutting ability of the grinding wheel, high grinding efficiency, but also suitable for forming grinding. However, in the grinding process, the contact area between the grinding wheel and the workpiece is large, so that the grinding force is increased, and the workpiece is prone to deformation and burn. In addition, the grinding wheel shape error directly affects the accuracy of the workpiece geometry, the grinding accuracy is low, and the surface roughness value is large. Therefore, it is necessary to use a grinder with high power and good rigidity. At the same time, sufficient cutting fluid must be given for the purpose of cooling. The use of a transverse grinding method requires that the process system be more rigid and the workpiece should be short and not long. This grinding method is usually used for the grinding of short-step shaft journals. Table 2 Characteristics of the horizontal grinding method (3) Deep-grinding method As shown in Fig. 1c, the deep-grinding method is a more advanced method with high productivity, and the grinding allowance is generally 0.1~0.35mm. In this way, the entire balance can be milled at one go. When grinding, the feed rate is small. Generally, the vertical feed amount is 1~2 mm/r, which is about 15% of the “longitudinal grinding methodâ€. The processing time is about 30~75% of the vertical grinding method. Table 3 characteristics of deep grinding method (4) Hybrid grinding method: Table 4 characteristics of hybrid grinding 2. Grinding the end face On the universal cylindrical grinding machine, the end face of the grinding wheel can be used to grind the shoulder surface and end plane of the workpiece. Before the grinding begins, the end face of the grinding wheel should be slowly brought close to the end surface of the workpiece to be ground. During the grinding process, the axial feed amount fa of the workpiece should also be small. This is because the rigidity of the end face of the grinding wheel is very poor, and basically it cannot withstand large axial forces. Therefore, the best way is to use the external conical surface of the grinding wheel to grind the end face of the workpiece. At this time, the worktable should be pulled one by one. Larger angles. 3. Grinding the inner circle The inner circle using the cylindrical grinder can grind the inner circle of the workpiece. When grinding the inner circle, most of the workpiece is the outer circle or the end face as the positioning reference, and it is clamped on the chuck for grinding (see Figure 2). When grinding the inner conical surface, only the inner circle grinding tool needs to be deflected by a circumferential angle. You can. Figure 2 grinding of the inner circle Unlike cylindrical grinding, when the inner circle is ground, the diameter of the grinding wheel is limited by the hole diameter of the workpiece, which is generally small. Therefore, the grinding wheel wears quickly and needs frequent dressing and replacement. The grinding wheel used in the inner circular grinding wheel is softer than the grinding wheel used in the cylindrical grinding. This is because the inner grinding wheel has a larger contact area between the grinding wheel and the workpiece. In addition, the diameter of the grinding wheel shaft is relatively small, the overhanging elongation is large, and the rigidity is poor, so the grinding depth cannot be large, and the productivity is reduced.
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