Where should the varieties of improved varieties go?

Where should the varieties of improved varieties go?

Variety improvement, it is worthwhile to stick to corn seeds, and the combination of grain and feed, grain and economics is also a direction. Where to go, how to go, how to solve the problems in development, it is worth thinking seriously.

Variety improvement: It is a good breed to breed

Regardless of the area planted or the yield, corn is a large food crop in China. Larger seed companies in China mainly use corn seeds as their main products, or at least involved. In the past 12 years, the corn planting area has increased by 210 million mu, and the output has increased by 108.7 billion kilograms. The corn seed market has also expanded accordingly. Especially in the past two years, there has been a serious backlog of seed stocks: calculated according to the national corn planting area of ​​550 million mu. The annual demand for corn seeds is about 1 billion to 1.2 billion kilograms. In 2014, the remaining species reached 1 billion kilograms. In 2015, the corn seed production area was affected by disasters, but the total amount of corn seed supply in spring this year still exceeded the use of about 700 million kilograms.

On March 28 this year, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Grain Bureau announced that in 2016, the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region will cancel the temporary corn storage policy and adjust it to a new mechanism of “market-based acquisition” plus “subsidy”. . The policy orientation is to promote the marketization of corn. At the same time, the fall in prices will also lead to the reduction of planting area. In places like Heilongjiang, farmers have asked to retreat corn seeds that have already been bought.

“The difference in accumulated temperature in Heilongjiang is relatively large, and the seeds of very early maturity are basically produced in the province. The structural adjustment of the 'Shovel Bend' area is affected by our province. In the north of Heilongjiang, the farmers bought the seeds before the Spring Festival, and now the corn is stored and stored. Policy adjustment, farmers do not know what to plant, there has been a phenomenon of retreating seeds." Zhou Chaowen, deputy director of the Heilongjiang Provincial Seeds Bureau, told reporters that at this time of the year, Heilongjiang seed sales situation is very good, this year, enterprises and farmers are at a loss, have been Wait and see.

The production of seeds has special characteristics, which were produced last year and sold in the same year. Therefore, under the sales situation this year, the seed-based enterprises mainly based on corn breeding are under great pressure – the seeds can not be sold out, or sold back, and the enterprises are burdened.

Under the bad market, there are always good varieties that are not for sale. For most kinds of enterprises, the variety improvement through scientific research and innovation is still a "reliable" choice. As early as the end of 2014, the Ministry of Agriculture has set up a national leading group for scientific research and cooperation, and at the same time set up a corn cooperation and cooperation association. It is composed of 21 domestic breeding and breeding integrated seed enterprises and 13 advantageous scientific research teaching units. The consortium, the enterprise and the enterprise cooperate to breed a batch of new varieties with excellent traits.

How to see what kind of enterprises

The reform of the agricultural supply side marks the transformation of China's agriculture from quantity growth to quality growth. The development model of pursuing production has come to an end. Seeds as agricultural inputs must also be made in the breeding direction. Ground adjustment.

On the one hand, seed companies should increase investment in research and development to lay the foundation for variety innovation; on the other hand, they must form a research and development system; third, they must adjust the direction of research and development, and take the country's demand for quality upgrading of agricultural products as a new breeding target. ——Zhang Xiuguan, CEO of Yuan Longping Agricultural High-Tech Co., Ltd.

Grain-to-feed: silage corn seeds welcome well

“Grass-to-feed” is a major choice for adjusting the structure. “Grain” refers to corn, and “re-feeding” is a large-scale development of silage corn and alfalfa that meets the needs of herbivorous animal husbandry such as cattle and sheep. In fact, at present, the function of corn as a ration has been basically replaced by feed and industrial processing. Therefore, instead of planting grain corn, it is better to replant silage corn that can be directly used as feed.

At present, China's silage corn planting area is about 20 million mu. Statistics show that the area can be between 45 and 50 million mu, which is equivalent to the reduction of corn planting area in the “sickle bend” area. At the same time, in China's summer broadcasting area, the yield of silage corn is about 5 tons, and the current price per ton of silage corn is about 400 yuan. Calculated in this way, planting silage corn or becoming an important choice for farmers.

“There are more people to collect and do?” Although silage corn has considerable income, farmers in many areas are still reluctant to plant.

The purchaser of silage corn is in the animal husbandry, and the use of silage corn as feed can increase the milk yield and milk quality of the cow. However, it is necessary to transport silage corn from farmland to the mouth of a cow. It also needs to be transported, fermented, stored, fed, etc., especially for the selection of silage corn.

At present, the main varieties of China's silage corn market are “Yayu 26”, “Yuqing Storage 23”, “North Agricultural Silage 208”, “Jingke Silage 516”, “Zheng Qing Storage No. 1”, “Jingke Silage 301” More than 20 varieties, such as "Guiqing Storage No. 1" and "District Chen No. 9", the annual sales volume is about 40 million kilograms, and the development momentum is fierce.

There are more than 50 enterprises producing silage corn seeds in China. In December last year, China Seed Association Silage Corn Branch was established in Beijing. Chairman of Henan Dajingjiu Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Ding Guangsheng was elected as the president of the branch, Beijing Yuyu Seed Industry, Origen Seed Industry, Shun Xin Agricultural Science Seed Industry and other elected vice president units.

How to see what kind of enterprises

We do not lack supply now. The key is how to supply more and more green. I think this is the core of supply-side reform. When it comes to the opportunities for agricultural inputs in supply-side reforms, I think this is a golden opportunity for silage corn varieties.

However, in order to truly develop silage corn, we must first rectify the concept of silage corn. We must publicize and let the whole people understand the benefits of silage corn planting: the yield per unit area of ​​silage corn is high; the cattle and sheep that eat silage corn can produce Milk and meat; silage corn meets the national green growth concept and requirements, such as silage corn can be used to improve soil, and so on.

There is still a problem in the society about the understanding of silage corn. Some farms do not need silage corn because of low starch content, and only harvest grain corn. In fact, silage corn can be of great value to the entire industrial chain of cultivation, aquaculture and dairy industry. Feeding silage corn to dairy cows will greatly improve the quality of meat and milk.

In the process of promoting silage corn in recent years, I have increasingly felt that it is necessary for the seed industry, planting industry, aquaculture industry and dairy industry to establish a platform for mutual communication, which will benefit the development of the entire industry. If each of the four links only pays attention to the small profit, the latter loss will be lost.