Solid-state batteries will become the mainstream trend for enterprises to accelerate the layout

  In recent years, power battery fire and explosion accidents frequently occur. According to the statistics of lithium battery , there were 50 lithium battery fires and explosions in 2016. Improving the safety performance of batteries has always been a topic pursued by lithium batteries. At this time, solid-state batteries with both safety and high endurance advantages have gradually entered everyone's field of vision.

Liquid lithium battery safety needs to be improved

Liquid lithium battery has become the most mature and widely used technology route, but its safety has become a problem that the industry is currently unable to overcome. According to the statistics of lithium battery, there were 50 lithium battery fires and explosions in 2016. The frequent occurrence of lithium battery fire and explosion accidents sounded the alarm for us - the safety performance of lithium batteries needs to be improved.

Why does the lithium battery frequently catch fire? The reason is that the active substance inside the battery and the electrolyte react, and the temperature is too high and the control is caused. Solid-state batteries do not contain flammable liquid electrolytes, a feature that greatly improves battery safety. Li Wei, a researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that in the future, many battery forms will appear in all solid form, including lithium metal, lithium sulfur and lithium air batteries. The general strategy for improving safety in the future is solid state.

Solid-state battery energy density increased by 2 times

The cruising range problem has always been one of the key factors limiting the popularity of pure electric vehicles , and the length of battery life depends largely on the battery energy storage capacity, ie the energy density per unit volume. When the working voltage can only be in a fixed area, to increase the energy density of the battery, the energy density of the counter electrode material can only be increased. At present, cathode materials for lithium batteries generally include lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials, and the anode materials are generally graphite, hard/soft carbon, lithium titanate and alloy anode materials. The space for digging is not that big. Therefore, it is necessary to greatly increase the cruising range of the lithium battery unless a new substitute can be found on the electrode material. At this time, the solid-state battery whose energy density is doubled compared with the liquid lithium battery stands out.

From the point of view of the theory, solid-state batteries are not a new concept. Previously, Chen Liquan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, explained the state of the art and its superior performance of solid-state batteries, and proposed that solid-state batteries do not contain flammable liquid electrolytes. This feature can greatly improve the safety of electric vehicles , so he It is recommended that the research, development and industrialization of solid-state batteries should be strongly supported. If the energy density is further increased, more than 500 watt-hours/kg, it is necessary to consider the research of solid-state lithium battery systems from now on.

Solid-state batteries are widely concerned by the research community

Solid-state batteries will become the mainstream of the next battery development. However, solid-state batteries are also facing the development bottleneck of the production process to be improved and the cost to be reduced. For this reason, the research community has carried out a lot of research and development work.

Founded by former US University of Michigan engineering professor Mary Sestri, Sakti3 has developed a solid-state lithium battery made using flat-panel TVs and solar panel manufacturing technology, which uses "film deposition technology" to make it The cost is only one-fifth of the current cost of lithium batteries, but the energy density is twice that of lithium batteries.

In September 2016, the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Process of the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a high-energy density, high-performance all-solid-state lithium-ion battery , which has passed the 11-kilometer deep sea simulation pressure chamber cyclic pressure test, and is expected to become the “Jilong” in the future. The ideal energy power of deep submersibles throughout the sea. The electrochemical window of the new all-solid electrolyte membrane can be as high as 4.6V, and the electrolyte thermal stability temperature can reach at least 200 ° C. When the electrolyte is used in an all-solid lithium ion battery, after 1000 cycles of charge and discharge, it remains 92. % capacity. Even when the researchers tested the chamfering and nailing of the solid state battery, it could still charge and discharge normally. In addition, the R&D team has developed a series of all-solid polymer electrolytes with excellent performance, which has doubled the energy density of lithium batteries, and the mileage of electric vehicles is expected to increase to more than 450 kilometers. The application prospect is extremely broad.

Researchers at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, use garnet as an electrolyte to amplify the contact area between the solid-state battery electrode and the electrolyte, thereby achieving an accelerated charging rate of the solid-state battery and withstanding a high temperature of 100 °C.

SunCulture Solar of the United States applies solid-state battery technology to the field of energy storage. It has developed a new integrated solar panel with built-in solid-state low-voltage battery and seamless integration with the inverter. This fully integrated product design reduces the total cost of solar installation and energy storage by more than 50%.

NASA is working with the University of Miami to develop a new solid-state lithium battery. This solid-state battery is smaller than a conventional lithium battery and can be used on microsatellites such as "cube satellites."

In January of this year, Prof. Fan Xinghe/Associate Professor Shen Zhihao from the Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, and his research team successfully developed a new type of solid-state polyelectrolyte membrane for lithium batteries with high temperature stability, which is expected to break the present. There are lithium-ion battery solid electrolyte research and industrial structure.

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